Showing posts with label Research on Online Teaching at WizIQ. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Research on Online Teaching at WizIQ. Show all posts

Tuesday, October 11, 2011

Live Audience Chopped, so Blog Away....

Hmmm...how should I say this.  The experience of presenting at LitCon was not as satisfactory as the process with which I came up with my study. I shouldn't feel bad, but I do. Maybe because I've worked hard on this for months then the trip was terrible on my sleep/rest cycle due to the unholy hours of arrival and waiting for my connecting flight etcetera etcetera etcetera. I had a small audience and I noticed my presentation didn't capture the essence of my study.

BUT, I am telling myself to be content after all this is how some conferences turn out to be. You got a shrinking audience towards the afternoon. Half of that shrinked portion are half-listening. There's not much to expect really. AND after all, I already was superglad enough that I was able to write what I wanted to write plus received 2 comments here in my blog.  So, I blog away here another portion of my case report...
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Engaging and Sustaining Language Learning and Interactions

At the onset, the choice of topics tackled in 'Speak English Now' appear to be practical and functional for any language learner. Examples of conversational topics in her sessions are marriage, money, uniforms, leisure time, and holidays. The interactions are facilitated mainly through the use of discussions, debates, songs and storytelling. Nellie's choice of content and techniques can be likened to that of F2F language classes as she uses a combination of direct instruction, facilitation and modelling. These techniques are aimed at oral language development and fluency in English while teaching basic spellings, vocabulary and word usage which naturally arise from the interactions based on the discussion topics or debate questions. Some of these may be directed to an individual's response but since there is a chatbox where she sometimes does this, then everyone gets to see it and benefit from these interactions.


Beyond these are responses which I refer to as language teaching points or opportune moments when Nellie decides to pick up from a salient interaction in order to explicitly teach or point out aspects of the English language. One example was when she takes the conversation to a different level when 2 student asked via chat respectively: “Why is your stress american?” and “Which english is better American/British?”. This allowed for Nellie to segue into forms or versions of English around the world as well as languages other than English. In other times, appreciation for all types of English is one aspect Nellie implicitly imparts in her classes as she acknowledges nuances of the accents.


Upon viewing transcripts which appear in the chatbox, one may think that exchanges are relatively simplistic, hardly indicative of complex language use among persons involved. However, once a learner speaks up upon receipt of audio control, the level of discourse starts to elevate and is maintained for everyone to listen to. This maybe attributed to the fact that Nellie herself gives her adult learners the chance and freedom to do so. In fact one can safely say that the learners are provided with good opportunities to control, direct and sustain the type of discourse going on. To sustain the level of discourse, Nellie herself does not water down her vocabulary nor choice of sentence patterns to use just to make herself understood. Alongside this, she is keenly able to listen to the learner on the mic and respond in the chatbox by typing key points, vocabulary words, and popping questions for everyone to see and learn from even while learners themselves may be using the chatbox for social purposes. Since learners maintain a good degree of motivation to use English, the quality of teaching-learning acts happen at a pace all participants are responsible for even if the mic control is relegated to one person at a time. A sample of the flow of 2-3 ongoing interactions, merging at some points, is illustrated as follows: (image with chat—audio response—using speech balloons)


[image needed]

Having control over the features of the virtual classroom afforded by WizIQ, Nellie tries to make use of these efficiently and uniquely to engage and sustain the quality of language interaction in her class. Uniquely to mean interactions are sustained by the nature of her responses which happens to her choice of content, resources and responses through the multimodal features of the classroom. Efficiently to mean that manipulating the features of WizIQ happens simultaneously and seamlessly with Nellie. Through the chatbox, she is able to listen closely to the learner on the mic, type important words to emphasize key points being said by the learner while showing spellings and word meanings via the chatbox. Then she can simultaneously respond to a student query via chat. She is quick to remember a technical problem raised via chat and addresses this either at once or when she finally has the audio control. Similarly, the learners also manage to follow the interactions happening, respond and sustain their engagements even during instances when technical problems arise while the class is going on.

[insert script—Nellie multitasking with audio control]


In sum, one can imagine Nellie occupying different spaces in the virtual class, as if she is also moving in her own F2F classroom to fulfill varied roles as an online participant in her class. She behaves as a master teacher taking center stage when she points out and models good and creative language use of English. She behaves as a facilitator when she asks questions, affirms or summarizes for the class to equally respond to. She exemplifies an image of a guide on the side figuratively and literally whenever she allows a student to freely speak up using the mic and she steps back as the teacher and uses the chatbox on the side while the learner's voice takes center stage. She is one with the learners when she occasionally chitchats via the chatbox and is able to sustain her focus in responding to the learner with the audio control. Add to that, she is clearly a curator when she recommends other online tools and resources she has reviewed and used herself.


This multiplicity of roles Nellie is able to fulfill is heavily mediated through communication---seen, heard and felt via video and audio, read through printed text in chatbox and equally personified through her choice of music and content. So much so that the virtual environment did not even prevent Nellie from pulling a prank on April Fool's Day. This sets an atmosphere of real time learning which is afforded by technology and Nellie's knowledge of pedagogy and technology as well as teaching style. Each class becomes an integrated act of all these roles, initially teacher directed and some equally fulfilled by the learners themselves.

Friday, October 7, 2011

NO Chopping Allowed Here!

I can imagine a panel of reviewers finding ways to chop here and there as that is their job.
But this is my space so NO Chopping Allowed here...unless you are Nellie or the learners in her class:

Still here and finding Nellie..
Validating the Online Teaching-Learning Process



Nellie's February 18 and February 25, 2011 sessions are telling of how she consciously engages her students in relevant discussions and information exchange about what it means to teach and learn online  through these questions: “What's the difference between learning online and learning ina face to face classroom?”. She spends a big chunk of these sessions to facilitate and drive the discussion towards understanding active participation, collaborative and social learning while affirming the participants' perspectives about language learning,  A learner expresses how he does not like the idea of being corrected for his language, and to this Nellie goes:


“...I like what you say about being corrected. Yes, English teachers and teachers in general, uhm....like to correct students and this could have a bad effect on many students. You're right, being corrected too much can take away your confidence. So we don't really need to correct students. I don't believe in correcting students even if some want it. I think the best thing for learning is actually to model.....and we all make mistakes and this is online interaction, interacting with people. We are all learners and we are all teachers because we are all sharing information. So let's talk about active learning because one of the differences between ah...face to face classrooms and the uhm...online class is the fact that you get active learning....”


Interestingly, it is also through these sessions that learners willingly exchange their ideas about online learning and language learning per se. Through the chatbox and audio interactions, the learners surface a variety of direct links, online tools and resources to learn English and these are You Tube, Google Docs, Facebook, MSN, LiveMocha, ICQ, BlipTV, BBC and Second Life, to include sharing about countries where a few of these are blocked.


In these sessions, Nellie manages to emphasize a valuable point by bringing in Richard Green, a New York City English teacher and his class of language learners real time. It was a good way to show to everyone the limitless possibilities of learning English 24/7 using a live synchronous platform such as WizIQ to engage in “Speak English Now”, have a F2F class join in during the live session and then later on continue learning English using an asynchronous “LEO4U” or “Learn English Online For You”. Nellie wraps up the healthy online exchange through these statements:


“This was a great class...The class is you. You make the classes what they are. I'm just here to give you a chance but you are doing everything and as Cata said people teach people. It's not one person—it's not teacher teaching. It's everyone teaching everybody. And that's what's wonderful because we are from all over the world and we're teaching, we're connecting. And I think that's what's the internet is bringing to us. And I think it's wonderful. Thank you. Thank you everyone.”


From my view, these explicit communicative efforts are what can be labelled as metacognitive acts or ways for a teacher to make learners know and reflect about the how's and why's of one's learning in an online environment. In the case of Nellie's classes, this was done in 2 substantive sessions and later on, at every chance she gets to emphasize the buzz words in online learning environments, and these are: active participation, interactive, learning collaboratively, learning via the Internet 24/7. Such acts may also be attempts to build a semblance of online class identity or sense of community among language learners which Nellie at one time labelled as “It's a global class.“ ... "Because online, there is no hierarchy. Everyone can be a teacher and everyone can be a learner.”

To Chop or not to Chop? So Blog It is!

In Quali R, I have found space to do the kind of writing I'd like to do which is basically a merging of heart and mind. This usually happens when I feel it's finally time to just let it out. In the past, I've struggled with the "I" point of view  and whether this is even acceptable in the academic world. I wring  and wrestle with my brains whenever I need to decide which portions to chop and which to make sticky due to the page limitations set by conference submission requirements.  Then I get pressured and go through an oc-oc mode. Whenever that happens, my energies are spread thin. By the time I do my presentation, I sometimes feel I sound like a robot---I stick to reading parts of my paper for fear of getting lost and failing to connect with the audience. My Fil-Am English may sound good but that simply does not make the cut for me, especially if I am carrying the name of my unive!!!


And so I blog now. I have here the freedom to include an excerpt from my initial case study report about Nellie, one of the  exemplary teachers at WizIQ. [ Why not you do the chopping cuz I just can't!]. And before you go on...Happy World Teachers' Day! Cheers to this one great teacher I met through WizIQ. Of course, I thank the WizIQ community  for your  indications of "following" and thumbs up= "recommendations" as seen in Nellie's profile page. You guys  led me to her (and to Namrata and who can even miss George of EduPunk!)

Connecting with Online Learners All over the World
Nellie (audio+video):“Ok...let's see. We got Romania, India and any other countries?
sali: iran
Nellie (audio + video): Taiwan...Lithuanian. Iran, yes. I see. Great. So we've got almost the whole world....
arun(chat): diversified session
Nellie (audio + video): Diversified session...thank you, Arun.

Nellie takes time to introduce herself  as "Dr Nellie Deutsch" or simply “Nellie”, a female from Canada, in the same way that she bothers to place her learners geographically by asking “Where are you from?”. Learners' responses are seen one after the other via the chatbox and she is quick to acknowledge their country of origin or nationality while also mentioning their usernames right after the learners do their greetings.  At times, Nellie sets the mood: “I am in Toronto and the weather is absolutely beautiful and it's snowing.....Tonight we are going to be really interactive. Elena says it's a beautiful day, it's snowing, it's cold. Ok you can share that in the chatbox. Let me try and see if we can have some background music...” Nellie is also keen when it comes to knowing her learners' names by passing on the mic to them so she can have them properly pronounce their names while she tries to listen and get her pronunciations right enough. She continues to welcome learners anytime in her class even while she is in the midst of a discussion and she quickly restates the context or topic the class is already tackling.


To a few ones, Nellie comes across with more warmth as her tone changes to greet particular learners: “Oh, hello Aka Ken!”... “Virginia, I haven't heard you in such a long time. I miss your voice and I miss seeing you very much...” After a student had his/her turn to speak over the mic for everyone to hear, she naturally pours out praise and encouragement. She does this to each and every student as a way to connect with them and reinforce speaking in English in whatever accents they bring. After all, she names her series of classes at WizIQ “Speak English Now”.


To Nellie, connecting with learners does not stop with finding out names, timezones, geographical settings or nationalities. She does this at a personal level by sharing personal anecdotes about her self, her family roots, her husband, and her daughter. She candidly expresses “I love....” then refer to an object or activity which is to her most liking. Talking about herself becomes an act of sharing that even one time she a matter of factly stated her areas of expertise in response to a student who nonchalantly inquired about her library of books as seen from the learner's video/webcam. Even stating so was perfectly done in context since this response happened in one session which Nellie devoted to facilitate a topic about online language  teaching and learning at WizIQ, and using other online tools and resources.


Connecting with learners is about Nellie revealing her personality as teacher and as a lifelong learner, including her beliefs about teaching and learning online through her online classes: “What is the common goal? It's learning English and not just listen to English but to actually speak it, live it and enjoy it!”. Her manner creates a safe, warm and fun atmosphere for learners to comfortably be who they are, share their views or experiences and even disclose their reflections about themselves as English speakers and language learners. Because Nellie comes across as a person whose curiosity is well meaning then learners equally build rapport with each other through the chatbox by typing their simple 'hi's' or 'hello's' and using the same questions to learn more about each others' backgrounds. Learners naturally respond to sharing their views and experiences due to the topics selected by Nellie which make functional, practical as well as personal use of language. Connecting with online learners all seem to be about taking actions which are grounded on the values of sincerity, sharing and trustbuilding. To my mind, these are the key ingredients which make for learners to equally engage in language use to share about themselves. Hence, communication in Nellie's class is not just about speaking English but even more about communicative acts toward building online identity and connections for all participants. And communication through the tools of technology become the primary vehicle to do just that.



Saturday, October 1, 2011

Teaching Presence: Restating Themes

Initial coding was done via:
-previewing of videos of selected teachers
-focused viewing of selected recorded videos and taking notes of 1 exemplary teacher

Then another layer of coding based on synchronized audio-chat transcripts have  finally refined themes which I'd like to identify here.

A.connecting with online learners
-sharing of personal information
-sense of geographical space/location/time
-acknowledging presence of all learners
-addressing learners by name
-remarking about accents and Englishes

B validating online teaching-learning process
-metacognition about online learning
-praise and recognition for actions

C. engaging and sustaining  interactivity
-use of relevant topics: culture related, current events, everyday culture
-choice of topic which encourages speaking and vocabulary building
-language teaching moments
-direct instruction
-modelling-
-facilitation--chat and audio and both
-providing timely information and prompt feedback
-use of online tools/resources
-level of discourse--
-
*facility in use of vc features--multitasking chat,


D.managing the virtual classroom
-troubleshooting
-comments about technology
-developing codes for vc usage

E. building identity of teacher, learner and community of learners!!!
-recognizing cultural backgrounds
-global classroom
-i love...

***This is what it means to learn language online, this is what it means to become an online teacher, this is what it means to be an online learner, this is what it means to be in a community of online teachers-learners

Batch 2 of Exemplary Teacher 1 will allow me to examine interactions more closely.

Wednesday, September 28, 2011

What THIS is NOT

Funny how my shifts in music/video over youtube are indicative of my actions in my paper writing and everything else I need to produce from my brains. I've been listening to the music of Duncan Sheik --Gabriel & Dresden remix like for a week to get report cards over and done with in my small school.  This work on report cards practically suspended  my work for  the paper I'm writing.

But now, I've just shifted to   the 80's Pretty in Pink soundtrack, all because I've managed to get back into research mode. I've done a skeleton-draft of the paper I plan to present 1.5 weeks from now at LITCON IDAC Asia in Penang. I've identified emerging themes and the task at hand is to review the transcripts and coding to get me into writing thick descriptions.

Writing the paper requires discipline and focus on my part because I need to be able to let go of unnecessary layers to my writing. This blog, again, is a way to remind me what my study is NOT about!!!

Here goes....in ALL CAPS lest I fall into the trap of writing much more than I need to:

-THIS PAPER IS NOT ENTIRELY ABOUT WIZIQ AS THE TEACHING PRESENCE I AM INVESTIGATING HAPPENS TO BE  AMONG EXEMPLARY TEACHERS AND LEARNERS

-THIS  PAPER IS NOT REALLY ABOUT EFFECTIVE ONLINE TEACHING--THAT WILL BE AN ENTIRELY A POST-STUDY THINGIE I CAN LOOK INTO LATER ON

-THIS PAPER DOES NOT HAVE TO GO DEEPLY INTO COI'S DEFINITION OF TP--IN FACT IT AIMS TO LOOK FOR ANOTHER WAY OF LOOKING AT TP

-THIS PRELIMINARY STUDY DOES NOT INTEND TO MAKE DEFINITIVE CLAIMS OF TP--IT ONLY AIMS TO INVESTIGATE EMERGING THEMES OF TP

-THIS PAPER'S VERSION SHALL NOT END WITH CERTAINTY OF WHAT TP IS...INSTEAD THE CONCLUSION SHALL END WITH AN INKLING THAT  TP MAY IN FACT ENCOMPASS SP AND CP IN THE CONTEXT OF SYCHRONOUS LIVE CLASS= TP=TEACHING AND LEARNING HAPPENING ARISING FROM DYNAMIC INTERACTIONS AMONG PARTICIPANTS OF THE CLASS--INTERACTIONS WITH CONTENT, INTERACTIONS AMONG LEARNERS, SHIFTS IN  TEACHER-LEARNER ROLES--INITIALLY TEACHER HAS THE UPPERHAND BUT AS PARTICIPANTS GO THROUGH LEARNING--THIS HOWEVER COULD BE LARGELY DEPENDENT ON THE TEACHING STYLE OF THE TEACHER

Por Dios Por Santo...now how to arrive at all these...

Thursday, September 15, 2011

Forked Path: Which is which?

I am at this point when I am tempted to do something nitty gritty for my study vs. keeping focus on what I think I should do first. The nitty gritty is this: I have 4-6 audio transcriptions in. for Nellie's classes. I want to align the data, meaning to say on a sheet of paper, I'd like to align the audio flow vs the chat--make the data in sync. That's the best term I can think of.

Recalling here the steps I've  done so far in terms of data gathering:
1) Scheme through 1 recording per teacher: N, G and NA. This gave me a sense of their classes.
    Then I've selected classes based on most recent recordings (due to recent WizIQ changes in the virtual class, consecutivity---how close the sessions are so I can follow the flow of content)
2) Transcribe 1 recording per teacher--this is to get used with the language they have; the communication happening and start taking down notes on what is happening.
3) View more of Nellie's recordings to examine her teaching and what's going on in her classes. I've started to take note of segments in the recordings and code teaching moments on my scratch sheet.
4) After viewing the first identified batch, I decided to select more classes.
5) Then I've asked 2 people to start with the audio transcriptions as I move on with viewing the Batch 2 recordings and noting  more segments to highlight.
6) I've seen emerging themes and would want to exhaust the data hence viewed  Jan-mid Feb recordings.
7) This time I've experienced a shift---I have now started to pay close attention to the chat to audio interactions, chat-chat interactions, audio to chat responses.

Since now I have the transcriptions in for Batch 1, I am torn between:
Plan A= doing a chat-audio sync of the data on paper  OR
Plan B=simply focusing on the audio transcriptions.

Plan B goes this way:  I review  Nellie's recordings again=2nd level. This means my goal is to look at the audio transcriptions then start highlighting segments based on my initial notations=coding.  I see the need to do this lest I forget the context of my notations.  This time, I shall follow a more systematic flow--starting with (Feb 18), Feb 25, March 5, March 12, March 25, April 1. 

So here goes.... I will go for Plan B.  Do this for 1 week....and keep blogging. I need to get over school reports then writing proper for research start first week of October.

Photo finish in time for October 11-13 Conference at Penang. My paper will end with a degree of certainty=emerging themes + uncertainty=possibilities for future investigation of the 'interactions' which is about a semblance of not just TP---but tp + lp= as role both T and L do.  Final questions raised=is this just unique to the style of teacher and how her perspective of online teaching and language learning? or are there in fact observable patterns in among exemplary teachers w/ a range of  teaching style.

Side questions:
1)How is teaching presence diff from teaching style and online teaching? Or what are the relations?
2) May I do a first person writing? What justifies such? Where/which part/how should I write about the choice to do first person?

I feel like I'm scribbling co centric circles in this QR path---it ain't linear at all. But it's a path I feel safe in navigating with the knowledge that this is all part of the process.  After all, I realized that I am going through this with ample reflections---I am not yet in the-wanting- to- get- this- over- and- done- with phase. I am still learning something new and look forward to seeing more recordings of N & G....G most especially!

Tuesday, September 13, 2011

Morrrre Hworrrrk Ahead

I've definitely snapped out of Kesha and Iglesias, now into Duncan Sheik. The music allows me to do some mech stuff of cutting and pasting  chat transcripts and audio transcripts of recordings  from Nellie's classes at WizIQ....cutting and pasting into a table. The next step is to align chat with audio transcript to show a text version of the sequence of interaction.  Then there's the need to highlight segments to match with the first level of  handwritten notes. This is like the second level of coding I need to do though I've already started to see themes I will be discussing in my findings.

This is kinda nitty gritty but a step beyond what I did with my study on Virtual Communities 2 years ago.
I would like to believe that I'm not rushing into things nor doing more hits and misses. In fact, my observations are now shifting.  With the first set of recordings (Mar to Apr 2011), my focus was on the facilitation/direct instruction/design, aspects of TP as defined by Garrison et al 2001 in their COI framework.  Now, I'm looking into the interactions, ex learner responses which fuels the teaching process. These are interactions which go on, even without the teacher explicity directing nor facilitating, even learner responses which allow the teacher to respond on the dot---the spontaneity of discussion happening which show how TP can be dynamic and interactive in a synch class vs a non synch class.  I'm starting to think if this interactivity is similar to an F2F kind of interactivity.  Is there interactivity innate to an online synch class vs an F2F version? Meaning if Nellie were to tackle same content with same type of students, will the interaction take place differently and therefore the TP happen differently as well? I find it a weird question to ask, lol.

Lately, my questions about the Quali-R  process are popping here and there...quite different from prior questions I've raised. Like should I have observed the earlier recorded classes first (last year)?  Will my observations differ if  let's say I joined the live class vs relied on the recorded  version? 

And a major question goes this way:  is teaching presence online teaching perse?  Who dictates the parameters of online teaching vs teaching presence if in the context of the paper, I am not merely relying on the TP from the COI perspective. Is my study then more about online teaching OR teaching presence? Isn't online teaching=teaching presence in synch classes?

I hope this confusing doesn't mess things up for me. It has to be a disciplined confusion=the act of knowing one is confused but accepting this as part of the process of research; a conscious effort to be aware of one's confusions so that one becomes conscious of these being resolved later on. And that this is NOT about confusing one's self for the sake of getting confused. Darn....

Sunday, September 4, 2011

Aumm....

After 2 years of living without it, I am now struggling to get back to it. I've always wanted to but I guess now seems to be the right time. I sort of panicked for a week---thinking that I've wasted time in viewing the data samples---recorded classes of WizIQ. I thought my process was wrong only to realize that I was dealing with so much junk in my brain. Yeah, I tend to read and think too much hence get stuck with scheming, reading, rereading then doubting if I will ever be able to write in the same way.  And lately the thinking part is bordering in the worried kind of thinking and self doubt creeps in. I wanted to free myself of such useless worries in order to get back on track...I turn to yoga.

Finally I grabbed my former yoga teacher's number so the Aummm is back.
I can't believe how I've forgotten my basics  so noting these all over again, with great humility: 

-4 Sureya A
-4 Sureya B
-Forward bends--fingers grabbing toes then palms beneath feet
-Sideward bends--side bend, then triangle,  side angle bend knees bent then kneel w/ praying hands
-preps for bridge, then plough to shoulder stand


I'm guessing next session, my teacher will add a few more for encouragement:
-wide leg stretch and bends
-standing leg stretches
-sitting poses with leg stretches

Maybe a few inserts/faves later on:
-warrior pose 1& 2
-eagle
-kneeling back bends

And to think sometime at certain points in my mid-30's  I was into the yoga practice and reached points when I was into self practice. I need a class once again to get back into the groove.

As I try to recall and relearn, it's the breathing which I do my best to remember.
The breathing empties my brain so I come out with nothing up there---a brainrest to be able take in MORE later on.

I've gotten into more recordings of Dr Deutsch who recently emailed me an updated version of her bio.  This should be for inclusion in my paper as part of the exemplary teacher profile, also to add to my presentation at the conference.  The conference secretariat didn't ask for my bio, so how can I even manage to include more about Nellie. I managed to add a few sentences in my abstract submission about her. I should be able to introduce her well in my presentation, alongside the George and Namrata. 

Now, I've started reviewing  midyear 2010 recordings MORE means having these to  discuss my preliminary data about how Teaching Presence is happening at WizIQ:

  • connecting with online learners-establishing rapport, setting atmosphere, harnessing interaction, sharing about one's self/ self introductions, encouragement and positive feedback,
  • providing information--related to class, esl or otherwise, other online resources to learn English
  • managing the virtual classroom--usage of features, troubleshooting; simultaneous use of features to share content, or give direct instruction
  • use of multimedia resources--(choice reflects what of the teacher ?)
  • critical language teaching moments: intentional and as result of the interaction; addressing individual student needs; explicit______ through language mediation (bridging student interactions to facilitate understanding each other); maintaining or elevating discourse---does not water down sentences or discussions; tips on learning English
  •  providing for self practice and extended learning   
  • metacognition--the how's or what it means to do  learning online or about learning english
A few reflections re the construct of Teaching Presence via  synchronous mode of teaching vs TP in the COI framework:

-COI framework as applied to  research in online teaching identified these elements and indicators to measure effective teaching. Data sources were mainly transcripts based on asynchronous courses. It is possible that these may not readily apply when trying to understand Teaching Presence in live synchronous classes where teaching may be partly a result of interaction and totality of teaching which one cannot observe and understand separately as  social presence, teaching presence and cognitive presence. In other words, TP is TP  Or perhaps TP is TP in another sense. 

This study then is being pursued with conscious effort not to latch on the COI framework as this was developed in the context of asynchronous classes. It only cares to mention TP of the COI because of its major following these previous years and as an initial framework to understand online teaching and research related to this.

This study is more likened to recent quali  research in understanding TP, and exemplary online teaching  which sheds light to a different way of looking at TP: works of  T Morgan 2011, A. Jezegou 2010, 

Then I still need to have a second look at  Hayes andVickers 2010, Baker 2010, Stone and Chapman 2006,  Perry and Edwards 2005, Lewis and Abdul Hammid 2006

Hmmm....
 à´“à´®്à´®ം  à²†à²®್ಮ್ಮ್ औम्म्म्म  à¨”ਮਮ੍ਮ  Ø§Ù…مم   ઔમ્મ્મ  Ø§Ù…مم 
أمم aummm





Wednesday, August 31, 2011

Summative Notes/Perspectives on Teaching Presence

-TP as lens to look at online teaching research
-TP as a set of observable actions performed by teacher
-TP as being content centered than learner centered
-TP as roles/tasks online teachers carry out
-TP as negotiated by teacher-learner depending on context grounded on activity theory (?)
-TP as a shared task/responsibility of teacher-learner but largely dependent on teacher
-TP as experience of the viewer/observer--whether 'teaching' is in fact happening or not depends on the participant--participant not solely member of the class--but a novice teacher such as I--observer.

Starting to question the construct of social presence---why do I see it as part and parcel of Teaching Presence--that is in fact inevitable--TP cannot be achieved without social presence in synchronous classes...one cannot study without not looking at the other. In asynch classes, teaching through lessons will continue,,,teachers do not necessarily have to establish social presence. But in synch classes--it becomes part of teacher actions that cannot be separated from her teaching esp in language learning---language as tool to mediate learning--learning in a social context. Social presence happens effortlessly then....

Filtering Ideas=Pure and Simple TP

I need to remove unnecessary eklavoos before I start viewing+interpreting more classes at WizIQ and writing. Hence a few more reminders here for me:

1) Remove the idea of effective teaching from my pie.
2) For lit review---veer away from the whole COI framework and instead focus on what is said about teaching presence only---instructor presence...therefore look for Kessler's work
3) I can still afford to write about synchronous online platforms--only to establish that much research on TP + indicators are along the lines of asynchronous classes.
4) Mention emerging themes perhaps from prior research but mention also the nature of the data gathering---one is based on interviews of students, one is based on interviews of teachers---how about recorded classes and as interpreted by the researcher.

The above only mean that I as researcher, am doing this study to provide an interpretation of TP as viewed from a novice teacher's view---an outsider looking into the classes to observe how TP is happening.

I am not asking nor measuring nor relating this to the idea of effective teaching...instead I am plainly and purely looking into TP and what it is.

So if I am not even relating this to effective teaching, the significance of my study then is this: I am contributing to research on TP by providing another data source, another data gathering methodology to interpret TP. ...or perhaps another way of looking at TP?Is that it? What is f****** missing!!!


Preliminary Findings point to this one research question....
"How is teaching presence happening in live synchronous classes of exemplary language teachers?"




Sunday, August 28, 2011

EXT-ended Learning in Quali-R

Now I can claim why I got an EXT(=incomplete requirements) in my Quali-R course. My teacher gave me an EXT for lack of forum participation which may earn me a grade lower than 2.0, the EXT is to allow myself to catch up with the DB's but I chose not to because back then, I just got overwhelmed with finishing my paper in time for presentation at Singapore. After 2 semesters, here I am and thinking why the EXT is well deserved--- it is only now that I am learning what it means for Quali-R to be valid and credible. My concerns then was how to structure the paper, and come up with thick descriptions, while working with a co-writer at that.

In the usual view of doing a course, one is to complete requirements to show evidence of learning. However, in the context of lifelong learning, most often genuine learning comes after the course when one is completely satisfied with one's evidence of learning. Back then, I knew I missed out on something when I did that SOC research. And it's only now that I am seeing what I missed because now I've raised questions about validity and reliabilty.

With this new research endeavor on Teaching Presence,
it turns out, my current questions about Quali-R are in fact valuable and indicative of learning something new--and in my own time and effort.

Key words to remember:
internal validity and credibility

In the context of Quali-R, validity is the goal and not the product.
There is no objective reality and data do not speak for themselves.
Instead the researcher is the instrument of data gathering--hence it is through 'I'="me" that reality is interpreted by purposive sampling, making use of multiple data gathering methods, choice of data analysis methods and discussion/interpretation of findings--the researcher becomes the instrument of data collection closest to the data available from which a certain reality shall be examined or constructed.

How does that come into play then? How does my 'view'/'reading' of a certain situation become valid. One is through triangulation, achieved through multiple data sources, multiple methods as well, multiple perspectives/theoretical lens to view my data. For example as planned, in choice of exemplary teachers=sampling is purposive--there is consideration given to consultation with AA of WizIQ alongside public profile and data provided from user interface.

In terms of multiple data sources--I am currently gathering data from: chat/textbox---audio, video. Next level would be looking into the interactions. I also plan to gain member response--go back to the teacher samples about some observations and ask them about it.

In a post modern perspective however, it is crystallization one is after and not triangulation---the idea that what you interpret depends on the angle you choose in order to build/establish a certain reality.

This is my quote:
It is in the process of knowing that one is thing is made known which will mostly like be unknown unless the interpreter makes it known.
Thus the interpretion of that one which makes it a valid act.

Hence internal validity= "how congruent are one's findings with reality(participant's perspectives)"--"are the results consistent w/ data collected and NOT whether research findings can be replicated...

Another strategy I can make use of is "adequate engagement" in data collection... sufficient time spent in collecting data such that data become saturated.


MUST DO's:
1) I need to exhaust the data--until no more themes arise. So does that mean I have to observe more recordings per teacher or do I go for recordings across all teachers until I exhaust the data? Do I treat 1 teacher as 1 sample until I exhaust one or the the totality of recordings as samples until I exhaust all?

2) I have to do this systematically if my goal is to be better with my research technique--hence focusing on one teacher at a time will allow me to do so. I have to keep files, carefully match chat w/ audio then video observations---do printouts of all these transcripts. Then do my usual notations.

3)I have to take this slow and enjoy the learning and self-practice for a purpose.

4) I have to do this systematically because I am accountable---this is not my usual research of my school/classroom practice nor simple pursuit of my curiosities in the area of instructional approaches nor self journey type of narrative. This is about an excellent platform--with a decent award; excellent teachers and I am under a university grant--I have to do better than my prior research undertakings. This is not even about getting published at all. This is something that is meaningful and should matter not just to myself but to the teachers and to WizIQ.

5) I am ready to tasking for weekly accomplishments.

Next read would be reliability...


Friday, August 26, 2011

Hitting Angry Birds with One Stone of a Research

Yeah, aren't all these Angry Birds soooo cute!!! My son made his sketch of Angry Birds on his own. While he is driven and fixated with his all types of drawings, I bring myself to do the same for my research on Teaching Presence. I am now taking note of emerging themes from my observations of exemplary teachers. Thanks to Nellie, George and Namrata, plus a few hired teachers to help with the audio transcriptions, this research has more reason to go on.

For one, my questions are growing: Can 'teaching presence' be taught? Was it meant to be viewed this way? If so, what is the best way to do it for preservice online teachers? Is there some kind of teaching presence particular to synchronous live classes vs f2f? particular to each subject matter?....How is teaching presence best learned by student-teachers/would-be/ novice online teachers? Are there differences between how novice and expert F2F teachers perceive and learn about teaching presence in synchronous platforms?


Secondly, I need to remind myself why I chose to do this over other things:
-I'd like to know how to amply prepare Bachelor of Education Studies student-teachers to run synchronous classes in K-12/ Open HS;
-I'd like to see whether observing of recorded live virtual classes will influence the way they teach and if so, in what ways;
-I'd like to build on this study in order to observe online teachers of K-12 abroad and how they teach synchronously;
-I'd like to design a workshop training on how local teachers can effectively use a videoconferencing platform;
-I'd like to model good teaching practices using WizIQ to our BES/pre service teachers; and lastly,
-I'd like to get into teaching Filipino as a Second Language online via WizIQ, and do this effectively

Now as to whether I can sustain this interest and action in as much as how my son is forever into Naruto-Angry Birds-Wrestling-Manga-Anime-Megalodon-Fossil drawing+video games+cartoons, then this could really be like hitting a bit of everything in one stone of a research.

Wednesday, August 24, 2011

Snippets from WizIQ Observations

Top of my head kinda thinking here after scheming through a few recorded classes---like if I were to present WizIQ exemplary teachers at a conference, which video shots/ audio portions should I share and why?


Nellie--the part when she shakes her head while listening to music as she allows her students to enjoy music at the start of her session or even midway. This is a teacher establishing a relaxed atmosphere with her students. Then later on a student responding to Nellie's question by using music as well :) Portions of both video and chatbox show how she seamlessly shifts between modes of teaching to address individual concerns related to language learning. Add to that are splices of Nellie sharing something about her self to genuinely connect with her online learners...and boy, that APRIL FOOL's prank is a MUST SEE!

Namrata--asking about her students' background and line of work. She maximizes the use of audio+ppt, most especially her tone of voice as she tries to model speaking and point out 'emphasis'....or her tone of voice while managing to discipline a student who bothers a fellow student in class....a teacher who is able to sustain attention and consistent attendance of cautious, beginning level learners eager to practice their spoken English.

George--using his face while attempting to mimick word pronunciation and show speech production in order to drive a point in a light and humorous way... a teacher who manages to bring in lots of personality into his direct instruction. He says something about the brains and language learning--metacognition=thinking about one's learning. He also equips students with self-monitoring/ independent learning skills--opportunities to choose worksheet level, ways to continue learning/self-practice.

I am now thinking of creative ways to present these snippets of observations:
-a chart to show segments of: chatbox entry vs audio transcript vs screenshot of teacher's video then a hyperlink to 'play' or 'run' the segment;
-authorStream is now a MUST learn for me

I also have a series of questions to ask out of sheer curiosity as I've consistently seen tech glitches in the class recordings. Also because I am seeing perhaps one aspect of Teaching Presence in synchronous platforms: managing virtual classroomm features and coping/dealing with technical problems= teacher/student actions + interactions to troubleshoot in order to sustain class participation.

A few questions here for these exemplary teachers:

-Do you see tech glitches as major obstacles to how you want the teaching and learning to happen in your live classes?

-How do you feel about these unexpected audio glitches? Have you observed the same glitches whilst using other synchronous platforms and how do you deal with these?

-Are these glitches something you can forego because in the end, you see teaching and learning happening after all?

-Despite these technical challenges which go with the platform, why do you still choose to use WizIQ even if you already have ESL websites? ?

Thursday, August 18, 2011

Possible Recurring Themes

Alas, I've managed to transcribe 3 recordings= 1 per teacher to get the feel of things and identify possible themes which may recur in the next few recordings. Good news is that WizIQ + teachers permitted me access to download recordings so now I have hired transcribers to help me out. This means I can devote my energies to start thinking through what I've observed.

Possible themes which may recur throughout the recorded class observations in answer to this question:
What is the nature of teaching presence in synch live classes?
(and maybe I'm also curious if there really is a diff with asynch and realtime F2F sessions)

So....here's what I'm seeing so far: TP in synch classes=

-rapport building done in a certain way (each teacher having a diff style)

-coaching/modeling to students use of VC to acclimatize them with online learning via a virtual classroom

-direct instruction---language lessons to address both individual needs and whole class concerns

-facilitation or teaching through multi media resources---and seamless of manner of using these features (like how an F2F teacher uses AV aids)

-reinforcements, support for/encouragements to speak and use English


(perhaps a next follow up study would be comparing TP in Live Synch classes in Higher Ed vs Basic Ed)


Hmmm, this is still scratching the surface...I NEED TO REMEMBER THAT QUALI RESEARCH AIM TO SURFACE THE MEANINGS BEHIND THESE THEMES...right! Why do I sense that I may be missing out on something here. :(

On to viewing 2 more recordings to specifically get 'critical teaching moments' which make for TP.

Thursday, July 28, 2011

Thoughts on WizIQ

After reasoning with myself and making minor changes to my research proposal for this study on Teaching Presence at WizIQ, I finally find myself enjoying the videos of 3 teachers at WizIQ, namely Nellie, Namrata and George. I am simply amazed with what I witnessed in their classes. What I see are three teachers, with different teaching styles in running their classes but all with a common goal-- they are bent to help their students learn English. In each class you get to immerse in a learning culture unique in itself... like watching 3 TV shows with 3 different plots and cast of characters, and the sound of world Englishes as learners find ways to communicate and understand each other. I have the benefit of learning crossculturally from all these online interactions in the virtual classroom. This is just speaking about 3 classes I've seen so far and imagine all other classes which have been going on right inside WizIQ!!! It finally dawned on me what WizIQ meant with its tagline: "anyone can teach, anyone can learn". What surfaces on my screen however, is more to the advantage of the adult learner. It is precisely because in a learning community such as WizIQ a learner gets to choose from a wide array of classes and teaching styles which will work for them--depending on what they need, who they want to be with and when, and most importantly, what suits them best. It's a diverse learning experience at this online learning platform compared to what is possibly happening in other higher education institutions where adult learners have not much choice when it comes to their teachers and their classmates, in return for a piece of paper they call a diploma. At WizIQ teachers and learners from all continents, willingly come together because they want to experience teaching and learning in a way which fits them...pure and simple as that. The platform lends itself naturally to individualized and collaborative learning, in a small class or a bigger one, and participation in a conference is still made possible. Who would have known that education can be this way for most of us who choose to learn online.

Saturday, July 23, 2011

Feedback from the Research and Publications Committee re WizIQ paper

I had to simply check on my thoughts and feelings (which I sometimes find hard to separate). I received feedback re my research proposal, which goes this way:

1) How are you going to identify the exemplary teachers? Define “exemplary”.

2) There are too many research designs: case study, content analysis, conversation analysis. The one year alloted time for the research grant may not be enough to cover all. Hence, just concentrate on one research design. For example, a case study of a UPOU teacher, then analyze.

3) Suggested Title: Teaching Presence at WizIQ: A Case Study of UPOU Teachers

Item # 1) I find as an acceptable feedback. But to #2 and #3, I intend to respond:

2) on having "too many research designs"
I did specify only 1 research design which is: case study. Content analysis and conversation analysis on the other hand are not my research design, but methods of gathering and analyzing data. As follows are reasons for the choice of methods:

a) The WizIQ platform uses multimodal features and therefore generate types of data which can be examined through content analysis. Data to be analyzed made available through the lecture/powerpoint material in the class which the teacher uses.

b) Conversation analysis is a method to analyze data made available through the conversations recorded in the chatbox among students and teachers, as well as communications produced by teachers and learners as recorded in audio and video. This specifically answers the second research question which focuses on: 2) How is teaching presence constructed in synchronous live classes?


3) on changing my research to the panel's suggested title:
In my proposal, I stated this: “.... this study opens an opportunity for teacher educators from higher education to engage prospective learners in studies of this nature to include the viewing of recorded virtual live classes as a means to develop technique, strategy and reflection in online teaching via synchronous learning environments. Hence this study hopes to inform the practice of effective teaching and preparation of pre-service teachers who may get into online teaching in current and future alternative learning systems.”

The choices of research I do (and have done in the past) has to be primarily meaningful to myself and my practice. As teacher educator, I would like to learn from expert teachers at WizIQ so that I can effectively run live synchronous classes with my student teachers at EDUC 280 and future BES students, thereby modelling ways of online teaching and facilitation for AES and IDT majors. At the same time, I will be able to curate the recorded classes at WizIQ which I can use as resources for “online class observations”. Findings from this study therefore aim to inform teacher education.

Hence the researcher sees the need to focus on exemplary teachers who have been using the synchronous platform for a good number of years, with public classes made available for research. The current UPOU faculty member who have classes, and usage data available at WizIQ is I. Other faculty members, on the other hand, who have used the platform are Prof AL Francis Librero and Prof Roberto Figueroa, registered WizIQ teachers with no recorded classes, nor visible student following and student feedback/ recommendations in their public profiles. And since the nature of my study focuses on exemplary teachers, doing one based on your suggestion completely changes the purposes of my investigation. In addition, since my choice of field is in the area of language teaching/ education, these fellow faculty members are not my best sources of data as they teach courses which are not related to education. However, in the future, I do plan to do an autoethnography of my journey as teacher educator/lifelong learner at WizIQ later on—a case study of myself as novice teacher evolving into an expert one in synchronous live classes or even blended learning environments. Other future ideas include co writing to look into exemplary teachers, effective teaching and comparative studies looking into other subject areas such as Science, Geography and Math to inform prospective practitioners of Virtual Hish Schools in the Philippines.


I know, I take things to heart. My impulsive reactions shall die down in the end. It's just that I have managed to do my prior research/publications on my own, without even applying for the Research Grant. I decided to try because: 1) I wanted funds to cover for WizIQ membership while doing the study and while using this for my classes, which supposedly a university like mine should cover, 2) I wanted to get additional funds for MACbook or any reliable laptop so I can have a decent and durable laptop which I need for me to be able to do my work at my unive, again, an equipment which my unive should provide in the first place,(again for teaching&research) or 3) use the funds for future WizIQ user conference/ research dissemination which I hope to attend in order to learn and network with fellow educators without having to necessarily present(for my learning to become better at teaching).

Now Aleta, perhaps be rational about this. Simply take the emotion away, and think in the shoes of your panel screening your research for a prospective grant from the University. As your Dean have implied, "What has UPOU have to gain from your research?" I need to surface that.

Reasoning with myself:
UPOU's major investment are its teachers. Any form of research in pursuit of knowledge for knowledge's sake will funnel into the teaching practice at the classroom level. That I sooo know. But the panel may be using a different thinking hat so get over this and revise your proposal as this is the only way for your brains to move on and get the work done!!! Slay that Dragon in your brain!!!

Google Plus remember this girl:
You are here to test yourself more than anything: To what extent can you sustain your attention to this research alongside other things you need to do in your life? If you hurdle this, chances are, you will pursue your Phd. If not, carve a different path.

Monday, July 18, 2011

LITCON IDAC ASIA 2011....:)

Dear J. Aleta R. Villanueva,

We are pleased to inform you that the abstract you submitted on 'Teaching Presence of Exemplary ESL Teachers at WizIQ' has been accepted by our reviewers. Congratulations.

Please find attached our Letter of Acceptance. Kindly fill the registration form [form attached ] and return it to us [litcon2011@gmail.com] at your earliest convenience for processing.

If you wish to take up the package registration [conference fees + 3 nights' accommodation inclusive of 3 breakfasts, 3 lunches, 3 morning and afternoon teas plus conference dinner], do let us know. The package registration rate is as follows:
Early Bird [before 15 July 2011] - USD400.00
After 15 July 2011- USD500.00


If you require further information, please do not hesitate to contact me.

Looking forward to having you at our Conference.

Regards,
Toh Chwee Hiang
School of Languages, Literacies and Translation
Universiti Sains Malaysia
Tel: 04-6534125
Fax: 04-6532277
http://www.sollat.usm.my
PStay Green! Don't print this e-mail unless really necessary. Thank you.


2011 Asian Literacy Conference

in conjunction with
7th LITCON and 4th ILLC
"Language and Literacy in the Local and Global Contexts:
Success Stories and Unfolding Narratives"
11 - 13 October 2011
Berjaya Georgetown Hotel, Penang, Malaysia
For more info, please contact:
Tel : 604-6533145/6534181/019-7771292
Email : litcon2011@gmail.com / ambiga@usm.my

Saturday, July 9, 2011

GloCALL Acceptance :))

Dear J. Aleta R. Villanueva,

We are pleased to inform you that your paper entitled "Teaching Presence of Exemplary ESL Teachers at WizIQ" has been accepted to the 5th International Conference of the Globalization and Localization in Computer-Assisted Language Learning (GLoCALL), to be held in Century Park Hotel and De La Salle University, Manila, on 27-29 October 2011.

Notes:

1. All accepted presenters are required to confirm their attendance by replying to this email not later than 30 July 2011. Registration details will then be sent to you.

2. You are kindly asked to make final changes to your abstracts or bionotes by 15 August 2011. The updated version will appear in the conference program as is.

3. Each individual session is 35-minute long (25 minutes for the presentation and 10 minutes for Q&As). Time guidelines will be strictly observed. You will be notified once the presentation schedule becomes available.

4. We also encourage you to reserve accommodations at the conference hotel (Century Park Hotel Manila) early in order to ensure receiving the discounted hotel rate. You can download the hotel booking form from this site: http://glocall.org/course/view.php?id=66 and send to madsy@centurypark.com.ph.

Please feel free to email me if you have any questions. We look forward to seeing you in the conference!

Sincerely,

Shirley




--
Dr. Shirley N. Dita
Conference Co-Chair/Program Chair

GLoCALL 2011

De La Salle University
Manila, The Philippines

http://www.glocall.org/

AAOU Abstract Acceptance :)

Paper#: 110 Title: Teaching Presence of Selected Exemplary Teachers at WizIQ

Dear J. Aleta Villanueva,

Re: 25th AAOU Annual Conference: Acceptance of Paper for Oral Presentation

We are pleased to inform you that your abstract has been accepted for Oral presentation at the 25th AAOU Annual Conference, Penang, Malaysia. We can confirm that you have been allocated a time slot for oral presentation. However, this slot may be re-allocated to other authors unless you complete the registration process on or before the 15th of August 2011. Should this happen, your paper will be re-allocated for presentation as a Poster.

You may proceed to submit your camera ready paper in .doc/.docx formats to the “Article Submission System”. Please note that the deadline for submission of camera ready papers is 31st July 2011. Papers submitted after this deadline may not be included in the conference proceedings and will not be considered for the Young Innovator Award (YIA) or the Best Paper Award (BPA).

If you have any queries regarding the registration process kindly e-mail the 25th AAOU Secretariat at aaou2011@wou.edu.my . Please pay special attention to the “Instructions to Authors” section below.

Instructions to Authors:

1. The camera ready papers should be in .doc/.docx formats only.

2. Use the “Paper ID” of your submission to name the .doc/.docx file (e.g. 342.doc or 342.docx). The “Paper ID” is mentioned at the top of this e-mail.

3. You will be completely responsible for the quality of your paper as there will be no editorial process taking place once you have submitted the camera ready paper. You will also be completely responsible for the clearance of any copyrights for your paper.

4. Please adhere to the best practices for preparing a camera ready paper. The paper should be written in English only. Both British style and American style are accepted as long as you are consistent throughout. Ensure that you do page numbering, spell check and grammar check prior to uploading the camera ready paper. Once uploaded, you will not be able to edit your submission.

5. Kindly use the following links to submit your camera ready papers and registrations. Your camera ready paper must be submitted via the “Article Submission System”. Manual submissions will not be entertained unless you are unable to access the “Article Submission System” online due to country restrictions. In such cases you may e-mail your camera ready paper, adhering to the points mentioned above, to ishansa@wou.edu.my to be submitted manually onto the system.

Instructions for the preparation of papers: http://www.aaou.net/aaou2011/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=8&Itemid=6

Article Submission System: http://www.aaou.net/aaou2011/index.php?option=com_wrapper&view=wrapper&Itemid=24

Important Dates: http://www.aaou.net/aaou2011/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=7&Itemid=4

Registration and Fees: http://www.aaou.net/aaou2011/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=9&Itemid=10

We look forward to your presentations during the conference.

Kind regards
25th AAOU Secretariat.

Wednesday, June 1, 2011

Abstract Draft 1 for AAOU 2011

Recent research in effective teaching have turned to the field of online teaching and learning which greatly depend on technology made available through the web. To some, effective teaching can be attributed to the instructor's ability to establish teaching presence. Since the emergence of Communities of Inquiry (COI) framework espoused by Anderson, Rourke, Garrison and Archer (2001), teaching presence has been the accepted term in distance education to mean “the design, facilitation and direction of cognitive and social processes for the purpose of realizing personally and educationally worthwhile outcomes”. With the rise of online synchronous learning platforms which challenge asynchronous modes of teaching there is a need to reexamine the construct of teaching presence and concretely see how this happens in virtual platforms such as WizIQ. WizIQ Virtual Classroom offers an online synchronous learning environment with features such as video, audio, interactive whiteboard, powerpoint, mediaplayer, polling, screenshare and text-based chat to connect teachers and learners real-time. Since 2007, narrated presentations of courses and classes have been documented within WizIQ and its evolving community of practice to include work of exemplary teachers through which teaching presence can be examined. This qualitative study aims to describe the nature of teaching presence of three exemplary teachers at WiziQ. Using content and conversation analysis of recorded synchronous classes, this study intends to examine online interactions which make for teaching presence. Results of this study points to a new perspective of looking at teaching presence as socially constructed in the context of arising outcomes and themes which uniquely surface from virtual classes. Findings of the study build on the prior work of researchers seeking a better understanding of teaching presence to inform effective teaching in online synchronous learning environments.


You sure this is happiness for you?